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      import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';

import { Hero } from './hero';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-hero-child',
  template: `
    <h3>{{hero.name}} says:</h3>
    <p>I, {{hero.name}}, am at your service, {{masterName}}.</p>
  `
})
export class HeroChildComponent {
  @Input() hero!: Hero;
  @Input('master') masterName = '';
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';

import { HEROES } from './hero';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-hero-parent',
  template: `
    <h2>{{master}} controls {{heroes.length}} heroes</h2>

    <app-hero-child
      *ngFor="let hero of heroes"
      [hero]="hero"
      [master]="master">
    </app-hero-child>
  `
})
export class HeroParentComponent {
  heroes = HEROES;
  master = 'Master';
}
    

      
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      // ...
const heroNames = ['Dr. IQ', 'Magneta', 'Bombasto'];
const masterName = 'Master';

it('should pass properties to children properly', async () => {
  const parent = element(by.tagName('app-hero-parent'));
  const heroes = parent.all(by.tagName('app-hero-child'));

  for (let i = 0; i < heroNames.length; i++) {
    const childTitle = await heroes.get(i).element(by.tagName('h3')).getText();
    const childDetail = await heroes.get(i).element(by.tagName('p')).getText();
    expect(childTitle).toEqual(heroNames[i] + ' says:');
    expect(childDetail).toContain(masterName);
  }
});
// ...
    

      
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      import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-name-child',
  template: '<h3>"{{name}}"</h3>'
})
export class NameChildComponent {
  @Input()
  get name(): string { return this._name; }
  set name(name: string) {
    this._name = (name && name.trim()) || '<no name set>';
  }
  private _name = '';
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-name-parent',
  template: `
    <h2>Master controls {{names.length}} names</h2>

    <app-name-child *ngFor="let name of names" [name]="name"></app-name-child>
  `
})
export class NameParentComponent {
  // Displays 'Dr. IQ', '<no name set>', 'Bombasto'
  names = ['Dr. IQ', '   ', '  Bombasto  '];
}
    

      
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      // ...
it('should display trimmed, non-empty names', async () => {
  const nonEmptyNameIndex = 0;
  const nonEmptyName = '"Dr. IQ"';
  const parent = element(by.tagName('app-name-parent'));
  const hero = parent.all(by.tagName('app-name-child')).get(nonEmptyNameIndex);

  const displayName = await hero.element(by.tagName('h3')).getText();
  expect(displayName).toEqual(nonEmptyName);
});

it('should replace empty name with default name', async () => {
  const emptyNameIndex = 1;
  const defaultName = '"<no name set>"';
  const parent = element(by.tagName('app-name-parent'));
  const hero = parent.all(by.tagName('app-name-child')).get(emptyNameIndex);

  const displayName = await hero.element(by.tagName('h3')).getText();
  expect(displayName).toEqual(defaultName);
});
// ...
    

      
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      import { Component, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-version-child',
  template: `
    <h3>Version {{major}}.{{minor}}</h3>
    <h4>Change log:</h4>
    <ul>
      <li *ngFor="let change of changeLog">{{change}}</li>
    </ul>
  `
})
export class VersionChildComponent implements OnChanges {
  @Input() major = 0;
  @Input() minor = 0;
  changeLog: string[] = [];

  ngOnChanges(changes: SimpleChanges) {
    const log: string[] = [];
    for (const propName in changes) {
      const changedProp = changes[propName];
      const to = JSON.stringify(changedProp.currentValue);
      if (changedProp.isFirstChange()) {
        log.push(`Initial value of ${propName} set to ${to}`);
      } else {
        const from = JSON.stringify(changedProp.previousValue);
        log.push(`${propName} changed from ${from} to ${to}`);
      }
    }
    this.changeLog.push(log.join(', '));
  }
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-version-parent',
  template: `
    <h2>Source code version</h2>
    <button type="button" (click)="newMinor()">New minor version</button>
    <button type="button" (click)="newMajor()">New major version</button>
    <app-version-child [major]="major" [minor]="minor"></app-version-child>
  `
})
export class VersionParentComponent {
  major = 1;
  minor = 23;

  newMinor() {
    this.minor++;
  }

  newMajor() {
    this.major++;
    this.minor = 0;
  }
}
    

      
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      // ...
// Test must all execute in this exact order
it('should set expected initial values', async () => {
  const actual = await getActual();

  const initialLabel = 'Version 1.23';
  const initialLog = 'Initial value of major set to 1, Initial value of minor set to 23';

  expect(actual.label).toBe(initialLabel);
  expect(actual.count).toBe(1);
  expect(await actual.logs.get(0).getText()).toBe(initialLog);
});

it("should set expected values after clicking 'Minor' twice", async () => {
  const repoTag = element(by.tagName('app-version-parent'));
  const newMinorButton = repoTag.all(by.tagName('button')).get(0);

  await newMinorButton.click();
  await newMinorButton.click();

  const actual = await getActual();

  const labelAfter2Minor = 'Version 1.25';
  const logAfter2Minor = 'minor changed from 24 to 25';

  expect(actual.label).toBe(labelAfter2Minor);
  expect(actual.count).toBe(3);
  expect(await actual.logs.get(2).getText()).toBe(logAfter2Minor);
});

it("should set expected values after clicking 'Major' once", async () => {
  const repoTag = element(by.tagName('app-version-parent'));
  const newMajorButton = repoTag.all(by.tagName('button')).get(1);

  await newMajorButton.click();
  const actual = await getActual();

  const labelAfterMajor = 'Version 2.0';
  const logAfterMajor = 'major changed from 1 to 2, minor changed from 23 to 0';

  expect(actual.label).toBe(labelAfterMajor);
  expect(actual.count).toBe(2);
  expect(await actual.logs.get(1).getText()).toBe(logAfterMajor);
});

async function getActual() {
  const versionTag = element(by.tagName('app-version-child'));
  const label = await versionTag.element(by.tagName('h3')).getText();
  const ul = versionTag.element((by.tagName('ul')));
  const logs = ul.all(by.tagName('li'));

  return {
    label,
    logs,
    count: await logs.count(),
  };
}
// ...
    

      
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      import { Component, EventEmitter, Input, Output } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-voter',
  template: `
    <h4>{{name}}</h4>
    <button type="button" (click)="vote(true)"  [disabled]="didVote">Agree</button>
    <button type="button" (click)="vote(false)" [disabled]="didVote">Disagree</button>
  `
})
export class VoterComponent {
  @Input()  name = '';
  @Output() voted = new EventEmitter<boolean>();
  didVote = false;

  vote(agreed: boolean) {
    this.voted.emit(agreed);
    this.didVote = true;
  }
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-vote-taker',
  template: `
    <h2>Should mankind colonize the Universe?</h2>
    <h3>Agree: {{agreed}}, Disagree: {{disagreed}}</h3>

    <app-voter
      *ngFor="let voter of voters"
      [name]="voter"
      (voted)="onVoted($event)">
    </app-voter>
  `
})
export class VoteTakerComponent {
  agreed = 0;
  disagreed = 0;
  voters = ['Dr. IQ', 'Celeritas', 'Bombasto'];

  onVoted(agreed: boolean) {
    if (agreed) {
      this.agreed++;
    } else {
      this.disagreed++;
    }
  }
}
    

      
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      // ...
it('should not emit the event initially', async () => {
  const voteLabel = element(by.tagName('app-vote-taker')).element(by.tagName('h3'));
  expect(await voteLabel.getText()).toBe('Agree: 0, Disagree: 0');
});

it('should process Agree vote', async () => {
  const voteLabel = element(by.tagName('app-vote-taker')).element(by.tagName('h3'));
  const agreeButton1 = element.all(by.tagName('app-voter')).get(0)
    .all(by.tagName('button')).get(0);

  await agreeButton1.click();

  expect(await voteLabel.getText()).toBe('Agree: 1, Disagree: 0');
});

it('should process Disagree vote', async () => {
  const voteLabel = element(by.tagName('app-vote-taker')).element(by.tagName('h3'));
  const agreeButton1 = element.all(by.tagName('app-voter')).get(1)
    .all(by.tagName('button')).get(1);

  await agreeButton1.click();

  expect(await voteLabel.getText()).toBe('Agree: 0, Disagree: 1');
});
// ...
    

      
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      import { Component, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-countdown-timer',
  template: '<p>{{message}}</p>'
})
export class CountdownTimerComponent implements OnDestroy {

  intervalId = 0;
  message = '';
  seconds = 11;

  ngOnDestroy() { this.clearTimer(); }

  start() { this.countDown(); }
  stop()  {
    this.clearTimer();
    this.message = `Holding at T-${this.seconds} seconds`;
  }

  private clearTimer() { clearInterval(this.intervalId); }

  private countDown() {
    this.clearTimer();
    this.intervalId = window.setInterval(() => {
      this.seconds -= 1;
      if (this.seconds === 0) {
        this.message = 'Blast off!';
      } else {
        if (this.seconds < 0) { this.seconds = 10; } // reset
        this.message = `T-${this.seconds} seconds and counting`;
      }
    }, 1000);
  }
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { CountdownTimerComponent } from './countdown-timer.component';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-countdown-parent-lv',
  template: `
    <h3>Countdown to Liftoff (via local variable)</h3>
    <button type="button" (click)="timer.start()">Start</button>
    <button type="button" (click)="timer.stop()">Stop</button>
    <div class="seconds">{{timer.seconds}}</div>
    <app-countdown-timer #timer></app-countdown-timer>
  `,
  styleUrls: ['../assets/demo.css']
})
export class CountdownLocalVarParentComponent { }
    

      
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      // ...
// The tests trigger periodic asynchronous operations (via `setInterval()`), which will prevent
// the app from stabilizing. See https://angular.io/api/core/ApplicationRef#is-stable-examples
// for more details.
// To allow the tests to complete, we will disable automatically waiting for the Angular app to
// stabilize.
beforeEach(() => browser.waitForAngularEnabled(false));
afterEach(() => browser.waitForAngularEnabled(true));

it('timer and parent seconds should match', async () => {
  const parent = element(by.tagName(parentTag));
  const startButton = parent.element(by.buttonText('Start'));
  const seconds = parent.element(by.className('seconds'));
  const timer = parent.element(by.tagName('app-countdown-timer'));

  await startButton.click();

  // Wait for `<app-countdown-timer>` to be populated with any text.
  await browser.wait(() => timer.getText(), 2000);

  expect(await timer.getText()).toContain(await seconds.getText());
});

it('should stop the countdown', async () => {
  const parent = element(by.tagName(parentTag));
  const startButton = parent.element(by.buttonText('Start'));
  const stopButton = parent.element(by.buttonText('Stop'));
  const timer = parent.element(by.tagName('app-countdown-timer'));

  await startButton.click();
  expect(await timer.getText()).not.toContain('Holding');

  await stopButton.click();
  expect(await timer.getText()).toContain('Holding');
});
// ...
    

      
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      import { AfterViewInit, ViewChild } from '@angular/core';
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { CountdownTimerComponent } from './countdown-timer.component';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-countdown-parent-vc',
  template: `
    <h3>Countdown to Liftoff (via ViewChild)</h3>
    <button type="button" (click)="start()">Start</button>
    <button type="button" (click)="stop()">Stop</button>
    <div class="seconds">{{ seconds() }}</div>
    <app-countdown-timer></app-countdown-timer>
  `,
  styleUrls: ['../assets/demo.css']
})
export class CountdownViewChildParentComponent implements AfterViewInit {

  @ViewChild(CountdownTimerComponent)
  private timerComponent!: CountdownTimerComponent;

  seconds() { return 0; }

  ngAfterViewInit() {
    // Redefine `seconds()` to get from the `CountdownTimerComponent.seconds` ...
    // but wait a tick first to avoid one-time devMode
    // unidirectional-data-flow-violation error
    setTimeout(() => this.seconds = () => this.timerComponent.seconds, 0);
  }

  start() { this.timerComponent.start(); }
  stop() { this.timerComponent.stop(); }
}
    

      
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      import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Subject } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable()
export class MissionService {

  // Observable string sources
  private missionAnnouncedSource = new Subject<string>();
  private missionConfirmedSource = new Subject<string>();

  // Observable string streams
  missionAnnounced$ = this.missionAnnouncedSource.asObservable();
  missionConfirmed$ = this.missionConfirmedSource.asObservable();

  // Service message commands
  announceMission(mission: string) {
    this.missionAnnouncedSource.next(mission);
  }

  confirmMission(astronaut: string) {
    this.missionConfirmedSource.next(astronaut);
  }
}
    

      
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      import { Component } from '@angular/core';

import { MissionService } from './mission.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-mission-control',
  template: `
    <h2>Mission Control</h2>
    <button type="button" (click)="announce()">Announce mission</button>

    <app-astronaut
      *ngFor="let astronaut of astronauts"
      [astronaut]="astronaut">
    </app-astronaut>

    <h3>History</h3>
    <ul>
      <li *ngFor="let event of history">{{event}}</li>
    </ul>
  `,
  providers: [MissionService]
})
export class MissionControlComponent {
  astronauts = ['Lovell', 'Swigert', 'Haise'];
  history: string[] = [];
  missions = ['Fly to the moon!',
              'Fly to mars!',
              'Fly to Vegas!'];
  nextMission = 0;

  constructor(private missionService: MissionService) {
    missionService.missionConfirmed$.subscribe(
      astronaut => {
        this.history.push(`${astronaut} confirmed the mission`);
      });
  }

  announce() {
    const mission = this.missions[this.nextMission++];
    this.missionService.announceMission(mission);
    this.history.push(`Mission "${mission}" announced`);
    if (this.nextMission >= this.missions.length) { this.nextMission = 0; }
  }
}
    

      
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      import { Component, Input, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';

import { MissionService } from './mission.service';
import { Subscription } from 'rxjs';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-astronaut',
  template: `
    <p>
      {{astronaut}}: <strong>{{mission}}</strong>
      <button
        type="button"
        (click)="confirm()"
        [disabled]="!announced || confirmed">
        Confirm
      </button>
    </p>
  `
})
export class AstronautComponent implements OnDestroy {
  @Input() astronaut = '';
  mission = '<no mission announced>';
  confirmed = false;
  announced = false;
  subscription: Subscription;

  constructor(private missionService: MissionService) {
    this.subscription = missionService.missionAnnounced$.subscribe(
      mission => {
        this.mission = mission;
        this.announced = true;
        this.confirmed = false;
    });
  }

  confirm() {
    this.confirmed = true;
    this.missionService.confirmMission(this.astronaut);
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    // prevent memory leak when component destroyed
    this.subscription.unsubscribe();
  }
}
    

      
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      // ...
it('should announce a mission', async () => {
  const missionControl = element(by.tagName('app-mission-control'));
  const announceButton = missionControl.all(by.tagName('button')).get(0);
  const history = missionControl.all(by.tagName('li'));

  await announceButton.click();

  expect(await history.count()).toBe(1);
  expect(await history.get(0).getText()).toMatch(/Mission.* announced/);
});

it('should confirm the mission by Lovell', async () => {
  await testConfirmMission(1, 'Lovell');
});

it('should confirm the mission by Haise', async () => {
  await testConfirmMission(3, 'Haise');
});

it('should confirm the mission by Swigert', async () => {
  await testConfirmMission(2, 'Swigert');
});

async function testConfirmMission(buttonIndex: number, astronaut: string) {
  const missionControl = element(by.tagName('app-mission-control'));
  const announceButton = missionControl.all(by.tagName('button')).get(0);
  const confirmButton = missionControl.all(by.tagName('button')).get(buttonIndex);
  const history = missionControl.all(by.tagName('li'));

  await announceButton.click();
  await confirmButton.click();

  expect(await history.count()).toBe(2);
  expect(await history.get(1).getText()).toBe(`${astronaut} confirmed the mission`);
}
// ...